The 40-Year Puzzle Hiding on the Ocean Floor
It's not often you see people really excited about seaweed (unless it's wrapped around all-you-can-eat sushi), but a tiny seaweed growing off the coast of Cornwall — a rugged coastal region in southwest England — has got scientists buzzing.
Divers found a new type of seaweed growing on a larger, coral-like seaweed called maerl. Well, it's not really "new" in the sense of just appearing — Professor Christine Maggs had been using it to try to solve a scientific puzzle for about 40 years. Four decades! It took so long because the seaweed was so small that it was difficult to collect a large enough sample to gather molecular data and sequence its DNA, which was necessary to confirm exactly what it was.
Once the DNA work was finally complete, the seaweed was accepted into the collection at London's Natural History Museum — one of the world's leading scientific institutions, similar in scale to the Smithsonian in the U.S. — and officially recognized in scientific literature as an entirely new species. Professor Maggs probably took a long overdue celebratory nap.
But the discovery is about more than naming one tiny organism. Researchers say maerl beds support a lot of biodiversity, and seaweeds can provide nursery habitats for economically important fish. That means protecting these underwater ecosystems could also help protect the other species that depend on them. The best kind of two-for-one deal.
Take the Challenge
More News Stories
“Beautiful on the inside” may be weirdly appropriate for bugs, considering the 3D map of the male fruit fly brain and nervous system more closely resembles a museum-worthy mosaic or a bowl of fruity cereal than the tiny nuisance you’re used to seeing flying around your apples. Scientists recently created this colorful detailed map by slicing and analyzing every nerve cell with an electron microscope — that’s a microscope that uses accelerated electrons instead of visible light to produce images that can be both extremely magnified and incredibly clear at the same time.
The same team previously mapped a female fly brain a couple of years ago and compared the male and female brains to see that roughly 95% of their brain wiring was similar, while about 5% differed.
But those small differences make for some big differences in behavior, including courtship, aggression, detecting competitors, and producing a “love song” by beating the wings.
It's not news (to these scientists, at least) that just two genes were linked to these behaviors, but comparing these 3D maps helped them learn more about the connection between those genes and the specific brain circuits producing the behavior.
Researchers hope the same logic around connecting genes to brain wiring to behavior can eventually be applied to other animals and maybe even humans! This might help scientists investigate conditions with strong genetic influences, including schizophrenia and autism.
Late on Friday, Sept. 4, Indonesia's Anak Krakatau volcano began erupting, and it didn't stop for about 25 hours. It sent lava and volcanic ash up to 50,000 feet into the sky, which is almost 10 miles.
The ash drifted toward Jakarta, Indonesia's capital, and thickened the air so much that airports had to shut down. Nearly 3,000 flights were canceled or delayed, and hundreds of thousands of passengers were left stranded.
The ash affected people on the ground too. Residents found volcanic dust settling on homes and balconies. Health officials advised people to stay indoors and wear masks to protect their lungs, eyes, and skin.
Officials planned to use cloud seeding to clear the air. Cloud seeding is a way of changing the weather that helps clouds produce rain, which can wash ash out of the sky. In the end, a shift in the wind blew the ash away, and the air became clear enough for the airports to reopen.
The Hawk Fire started near Reno, Nevada, on Aug. 22 and burned for days. Evacuation orders stayed in place for more than a week. Firefighters didn't declare the fire 100% contained until Sept. 10. "Contained" means crews had built barriers all the way around the fire so it could no longer spread. While the fire burned, tens of thousands of people had to leave their homes, many with little more than the clothes they were wearing.
Emergency alerts told Reno residents to get out, even though no one could say when they'd be able to return or what shape their homes would be in.
Fighting a fire this big took the whole community. Evacuation centers gave people shelter, food, and donated clothing. Firefighters attacked the flames, helicopters dropped water, and crews strengthened containment lines. These lines are strips of land cleared of anything that can burn, so the fire has nothing to feed on.
Even once the fire was about 25% contained, strong winds could still spread it through the dry, easily burned plants. That's part of why getting people home took so long. Even after some residents were allowed back, around 40,000 people were still under evacuation warnings.
Picture a hedgehog on a hot summer day, and you might imagine it lounging on the beach in tiny sunglasses with a glass of lemonade. In reality, heat can make life tough for hedgehogs.
Hedgehogs are small, spiky mammals that live in the wild in parts of Asia, Africa, and Europe, including the United Kingdom. They aren't found in the wild in North America. Hot, dry weather can cause them serious problems, like dehydration, parasites and trouble finding food. That's hard enough for any animal, but it's even harder for hedgehogs that are pregnant or raising their babies, called hoglets.
That's why one hedgehog rescue center was packed this summer, caring for more than 80 animals at once. It was the busiest June the center had ever seen.
In places where wild hedgehogs live, people can help without working at a rescue. They can leave out fresh water and dry kitten food. They should avoid milk, bread, grains, fruit and vegetables, which can make hedgehogs sick. As the saying goes, not all heroes wear capes. To a hedgehog, some of them leave out kitten food!
“Beautiful on the inside” may be weirdly appropriate for bugs, considering the 3D map of the male fruit fly brain and nervous system more closely resembles a museum-worthy mosaic or a bowl of fruity cereal than the tiny nuisance you’re used to seeing flying around your apples. Scientists recently created this colorful detailed map by slicing and analyzing every nerve cell with an electron microscope — that’s a microscope that uses accelerated electrons instead of visible light to produce images that can be both extremely magnified and incredibly clear at the same time.
The same team previously mapped a female fly brain a couple of years ago and compared the male and female brains to see that roughly 95% of their brain wiring was similar, while about 5% differed.
But those small differences make for some big differences in behavior, including courtship, aggression, detecting competitors, and producing a “love song” by beating the wings.
It's not news (to these scientists, at least) that just two genes were linked to these behaviors, but comparing these 3D maps helped them learn more about the connection between those genes and the specific brain circuits producing the behavior.
Researchers hope the same logic around connecting genes to brain wiring to behavior can eventually be applied to other animals and maybe even humans! This might help scientists investigate conditions with strong genetic influences, including schizophrenia and autism.
Late on Friday, Sept. 4, Indonesia's Anak Krakatau volcano began erupting, and it didn't stop for about 25 hours. It sent lava and volcanic ash up to 50,000 feet into the sky, which is almost 10 miles.
The ash drifted toward Jakarta, Indonesia's capital, and thickened the air so much that airports had to shut down. Nearly 3,000 flights were canceled or delayed, and hundreds of thousands of passengers were left stranded.
The ash affected people on the ground too. Residents found volcanic dust settling on homes and balconies. Health officials advised people to stay indoors and wear masks to protect their lungs, eyes, and skin.
Officials planned to use cloud seeding to clear the air. Cloud seeding is a way of changing the weather that helps clouds produce rain, which can wash ash out of the sky. In the end, a shift in the wind blew the ash away, and the air became clear enough for the airports to reopen.
The Hawk Fire started near Reno, Nevada, on Aug. 22 and burned for days. Evacuation orders stayed in place for more than a week. Firefighters didn't declare the fire 100% contained until Sept. 10. "Contained" means crews had built barriers all the way around the fire so it could no longer spread. While the fire burned, tens of thousands of people had to leave their homes, many with little more than the clothes they were wearing.
Emergency alerts told Reno residents to get out, even though no one could say when they'd be able to return or what shape their homes would be in.
Fighting a fire this big took the whole community. Evacuation centers gave people shelter, food, and donated clothing. Firefighters attacked the flames, helicopters dropped water, and crews strengthened containment lines. These lines are strips of land cleared of anything that can burn, so the fire has nothing to feed on.
Even once the fire was about 25% contained, strong winds could still spread it through the dry, easily burned plants. That's part of why getting people home took so long. Even after some residents were allowed back, around 40,000 people were still under evacuation warnings.
Picture a hedgehog on a hot summer day, and you might imagine it lounging on the beach in tiny sunglasses with a glass of lemonade. In reality, heat can make life tough for hedgehogs.
Hedgehogs are small, spiky mammals that live in the wild in parts of Asia, Africa, and Europe, including the United Kingdom. They aren't found in the wild in North America. Hot, dry weather can cause them serious problems, like dehydration, parasites and trouble finding food. That's hard enough for any animal, but it's even harder for hedgehogs that are pregnant or raising their babies, called hoglets.
That's why one hedgehog rescue center was packed this summer, caring for more than 80 animals at once. It was the busiest June the center had ever seen.
In places where wild hedgehogs live, people can help without working at a rescue. They can leave out fresh water and dry kitten food. They should avoid milk, bread, grains, fruit and vegetables, which can make hedgehogs sick. As the saying goes, not all heroes wear capes. To a hedgehog, some of them leave out kitten food!