Student Article
3D-Printed Terracotta Reefs Offer New Hope for Saving Coral Ecosystems
Erosion (noun): The gradual wearing away of land or structures by wind or water.
Mimic (verb): To closely imitate or copy something.
Additive (adjective): Involving the gradual addition of layers or material.
Deployment (noun): The act of putting something into use or action.
Coral reefs, often called the “rainforests of the sea,” are essential to marine ecosystems. They host a wide variety of organisms — from microscopic life forms to fish species vital for commercial fishing. Reefs also serve as natural barriers that protect coastal areas from erosion. However, climate change and ocean pollution are causing widespread coral bleaching and loss of biodiversity.
A creative solution using clay and printers
In response, researchers in Israel are using advanced technology to mimic natural coral structures. Natalie Levy, a PhD candidate at Bar-Ilan University, explained how her team is applying 3D imaging and printing to recreate the complexity of coral reefs.
How 3D reefs are made
Scientists from the University of Haifa first gather thousands of high-resolution underwater photographs to build realistic digital models of actual reefs. These models are then translated into designs compatible with 3D printers by a team from the Technion–Israel Institute of Technology. The 3D printing process, known as additive manufacturing, constructs the reefs layer by layer using terracotta clay. Once fired in a kiln, the ceramic structure maintains porosity — a key feature for hosting marine organisms.
Testing the fake reefs in the sea
These artificial reefs are being tested in the Gulf of Eilat in the Red Sea. Early deployments used simple ceramic tiles, and they attracted reef-building species similar to those found on natural reefs. Researchers are monitoring the artificial reefs through photography and environmental DNA testing to assess biodiversity.
Helping coral reefs around the world
The ultimate goal is to create customizable, location-specific reefs that can be deployed globally. Because 3D reef models can be downloaded online, the method can be used anywhere coral reefs are in danger — from Hawaii to Colombia. Levy’s team hopes for large-scale funding to expand this restoration method to multiple regions worldwide, aiming to help coastal communities and marine life thrive again.
© Jason Goodyer / Our Media
Erosion (noun): The gradual wearing away of land or structures by wind or water.
Mimic (verb): To closely imitate or copy something.
Additive (adjective): Involving the gradual addition of layers or material.
Deployment (noun): The act of putting something into use or action.