Student Article
3D-Printed Terracotta Reefs Offer New Hope for Saving Coral Ecosystems
Ecosystem (noun): A community of living organisms and their environment.
Porous (adjective): Having tiny holes that allow air or water to pass through.
Coral reefs are some of the most important ecosystems in the ocean. Often called the “rainforests of the sea,” they provide homes for countless marine animals and protect coastlines from waves. But rising ocean temperatures and pollution have caused many reefs to bleach and die.
A creative solution using clay and printers
To solve this problem, scientists in Israel have developed a high-tech solution: 3D-printed coral reefs. First, researchers at the University of Haifa use underwater cameras to take thousands of detailed images of a coral reef.
How 3D reefs are made
These images are stitched together to create a lifelike digital model. Then engineers use computer-aided design software to prepare the model for printing. The printing process uses terracotta clay, a natural material that hardens into ceramic after being fired in a kiln. This material stays porous, meaning it has small holes that marine organisms like to live in. The 3D printer builds the reef layer by layer, copying the complex shapes of real coral.
Testing the fake reefs in the sea
These printed reefs have already been tested in the Red Sea near Israel. Early results show that coral and other reef-building organisms are successfully settling on the structures. The team has also used environmental DNA testing to see what types of creatures are visiting the reefs.
Helping coral reefs around the world
The best part? This technology can be used anywhere in the world. The goal is to help rebuild damaged coral reefs in places like Colombia, Panama, and Hawaii. Anyone with access to the software and printer can try it.
© Jason Goodyer / Our Media
Ecosystem (noun): A community of living organisms and their environment.
Porous (adjective): Having tiny holes that allow air or water to pass through.