Student Article

Hummingbirds are some of the most fascinating birds in the animal kingdom.

Tiny birds with big moves

Known for their bright colors and super-fast wing beats, they are the only birds that can fly backwards. Their wings move in a figure-eight shape, allowing them to hover while feeding on nectar. Some species beat their wings up to 80 times per second — and in dives, up to 200 times per second!

Hummingbirds live only in the Americas

There are more than 350 known species of hummingbirds, all native to the Americas. Only eight breed regularly in the United States, with the ruby-throated hummingbird being the most common. The tiniest of all is the bee hummingbird of Cuba, weighing around .07 ounces (2 grams) and measuring only about 2 inches (5.5 cm) long.

They eat — a lot!

Hummingbirds rely on a diet of nectar, sap, and insects like spiders and insect eggs. Because they use so much energy, they need to eat almost constantly — up to half their body weight in food each day. At night, they enter a sleep-like state called torpor, slowing their heart rate and metabolism to conserve energy.

Their nests are teeny tiny

Their nests are just as remarkable. Often built from moss, spider silk, and lichen, they are well-hidden and no bigger than half a walnut shell. Hummingbirds can also be found nesting in unusual places, like wind chimes or clotheslines.

Some go on epic journeys

Migration is another incredible part of their lives. Some species travel thousands of kilometers. Rufous hummingbirds migrate over 3,700 miles (6,000 kilometers) between Mexico and Alaska. Ruby-throated hummingbirds even fly across the Gulf of Mexico — 500 miles (800 kilometers) without stopping!

They need our help

Sadly, many hummingbirds are threatened by habitat loss and climate change. About 10% of species are listed as endangered or vulnerable. However, people can help by planting native flowers and using feeders to support local populations.

© Sam Coppard / Our Media