Student Article
Lost Nile River Branch May Explain How the Great Pyramids Were Built
Geophysical (adjective): Related to the study of Earth’s physical properties, like magnetism or gravity.
Sediment (noun): Particles of sand, silt, and other materials that settle at the bottom of a liquid.
Ceremonial (adjective): Related to formal rituals or traditions.
Perpendicular (adjective): At a 90-degree angle to something else.
The lost river that may unlock the secrets of pyramid construction.
A new clue buried under the sand
For centuries, the Great Pyramids of Egypt have fascinated researchers. One of the biggest questions has been: how did the ancient Egyptians transport the enormous stone blocks — some weighing over 20,000 pounds (10 tons) — used to construct them?
A long-lost branch of the Nile
A recent discovery may have solved this ancient puzzle. A study published in Nature Communications Earth & Environment reveals the existence of a long-buried branch of the Nile River. This hidden waterway, named the Ahramat Branch (meaning “pyramids” in Arabic), runs approximately 40 miles (64 kilometers) and once flowed near the base of 31 pyramids, including the Giza complex.
Boats instead of dragging stones
Using radar satellite imaging capable of penetrating sand, scientists were able to detect the ancient river's path. On-the-ground geophysical surveys and sediment analysis confirmed the presence of riverbed material and former channels. At the time of pyramid construction, the Ahramat Branch was likely about 1,600 feet (500 meters) wide and 80 feet (25 meters) deep — perfect for transporting building materials by boat.This explains the seemingly odd placement of the pyramids, now situated far from the modern Nile. It also matches architectural features: ceremonial causeways that run perpendicular to the ancient riverbank, leading from the pyramids to what would have been docking points.
The river dried up at the right time
The river began to disappear around 4,200 years ago, likely due to a major drought that aligns with the end of the Sixth Dynasty — when pyramid building sharply declined.
Smart science and smart Egyptians
Lead researcher Professor Eman Ghoneim noted that the findings not only solve a construction mystery but also show how environmental changes shaped ancient Egyptian society. Her team now plans to search for more lost river branches to uncover additional archaeological insights.
© Tom Howarth / Our Media
Geophysical (adjective): Related to the study of Earth’s physical properties, like magnetism or gravity.
Sediment (noun): Particles of sand, silt, and other materials that settle at the bottom of a liquid.
Ceremonial (adjective): Related to formal rituals or traditions.
Perpendicular (adjective): At a 90-degree angle to something else.