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The Declaration of Independence, signed by representatives from all 13 American colonies on July 4, 1776, was a defining moment in world history. It marked the colonies’ official separation from the British Crown, and it provided a strong justification for this break. Written primarily by Thomas Jefferson, the Declaration outlines the philosophical justification for independence, famously asserting that “all men are created equal” and endowed with unalienable rights, such as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

The Declaration's bold statement of freedom

The Declaration is divided into five sections. First, the introduction sets the tone for why the colonies feel the need to dissolve their political ties with Britain. Next, the preamble lays out the universal principles of equality and natural rights that form the foundation of the argument for independence. The third section is a detailed list of 27 grievances against King George III, accusing him of violating the colonies’ rights, including imposing taxes without consent, interfering with self-government, and maintaining a standing army during peacetime without approval.

The Declaration’s flaws and the promise it didn’t keep

One of the most well-known parts of the Declaration is the preamble, which continues to inspire people worldwide in their struggles for freedom. The words “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal” continue to resonate, symbolizing the universal struggle for equality and liberty. However, despite these lofty ideals, the document was not inclusive in practice. The Declaration did not extend these rights to enslaved Africans or Native Americans, and it even referred to Native Americans as “merciless Indian Savages,” a portrayal that reflects the tensions between the colonists and Indigenous groups.

In addition, the Declaration does not mention the issue of slavery, which was a critical issue in America at the time. Jefferson, who had written a strong condemnation of slavery in an earlier draft, had this passage removed to ensure support from the Southern colonies, where slavery was widely practiced. This omission revealed the contradictions between the ideals of freedom and equality in the Declaration and the reality of American society in 1776.

A lasting inspiration for future freedom movements

While the nation’s history has been marked by struggles to fulfill the Declaration’s promises, the document remains a symbol of hope and a call to action for those seeking justice and equality.

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