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Blood and Fame: Shocking Moments in Ancient Gladiator History

By: Guy de la Bédoyère
Originally Published in  
HistoryExtra
A painting showing gladiators in the fighting arena with the crowd cheering
© Getty
Vocabulary

Propaganda (noun): Information used to influence public opinion or promote a political cause.

Rite (noun): A special ceremony or tradition, often done for religious or cultural reasons.

Aedile (noun): An official in ancient Rome who was in charge of things like buildings, markets, and public events.

Ancient Roman gladiator games were far more than bloody entertainment — they were deeply connected to politics, propaganda, and power. Originating with the Etruscans as part of their funeral rites, these brutal combats evolved into state-sponsored spectacles designed to influence public opinion and control the masses.

Gladiators and politics

Julius Caesar was a master of using gladiatorial shows for political gain. As aedile in 65BC, he staged 320 fights, using them to boost his popularity. Alarmed by his rising influence and the armed men under his command, senators passed laws to limit such events.

The gladiators’ lives

Gladiators weren’t just fighters — they could become hired muscle for political violence, as seen when the senator Clodius used them to disrupt elections.Training schools turned slaves and prisoners into expert combatants. Spartacus, the most famous gladiator, led a rebellion (73–71BC) that terrified Rome. His army of trained fighters took two years to defeat, showcasing the danger of militarized gladiators.

Gladiator games lead to chaos

Spectacles sometimes sparked violence among fans, too. In Pompeii in AD59, rival supporters clashed during a show, leading to deaths and a decade-long ban on games.

Emperor Nero’s twists on the games

Under Emperor Nero, as public interest declined, the games grew more outrageous. He even forced senators and nobles to fight, turning elite humiliation into mass entertainment. By the 2nd Century AD, emperors like Trajan staged grand events involving tens of thousands of fighters and animals.

Gladiator combat had become a grotesque performance of power.

© Guy de la Bédoyère / www.historyextra.com